ABSTRACT

From the birth of human beings，we have original economic era，agricultural economic era，industrial economic era and knowledge and information based economic era. Different eras have different economy activities. Their core technique，basic producing method，economic system and social sense have essential differences. Thus，related economic patterns of original economy，agricultural economy，industry economy and intellectual economy have formed. Especially due to the development of industrial economy，the pattern of high energy uses，high discharge of waste and high pollution，the ecological environment of human beings has been heavily influenced. The increasing emission of greenhouse gas such as CO2，the greenhouse effect and the world economy warning makes significant influence on sea level and sea coast，glacier and snow line，extreme weather and production and life of human beings，heavily disturbed the ecological system，heavily influenced the health of human beings，accelerated the extinction of species and reduced biological diversity. Under this background，the low-carbon economy，a transition from industrial economy to intellectual economy，was proposed by UK Government. The low-carbon economy is a kind of economic developing pattern aiming at realizing economic，social and environmental healthy and harmonious “multi-win”，which is guided by the idea of sustainable development，supported by innovation of low-carbon technology，guaranteed by perfection of low-carbon laws and regulations，carried by industrial restructuring and upgrading，aimed at green ecological circulation development，motivated by clean energy，based on spatial structure optimizing and characterized by low energy usage，low emission，low population and high increase. Therefore，low-carbon economy is a concept related to high-carbon economy and is the process of decreasing carbon emission.

Recently，experts in China and abroad analyzed low-carbon economy development，low-carbon R&D and application，carbon compensation mechanism construction，carbon finance and carbon tax system deeply in different spatial dimensions. However，there is not much analysis of low-carbon economy in county spatial dimensions. County unit is a super stable level in administrative unit，which support our economic，social and environmental healthy development basically. The county low-carbon economy development is not only a chance but also a challenge. The research of county low-carbon economy development mechanism construction，development pattern and path selection would draw more attention from experts.

The low-carbon economy develops early in western developed countries and has accumulated characteristic and realizable low-carbon economy construction patterns and development strategies. Gathered experiences would provide useful references and inspiration to county low-carbon economy development construction in China.

The research of county low-carbon economy involves new energy exploiting and efficient usage of new energy in county，science，technology and system innovation，development pattern changes of industry，agriculture and tertiary sector，adjustment of industrial structure，spatial structure rearrangement，ecological environment evolution and regional coordinated development，etc. Carbon Circulation Theory，Industry Structure Restructuring and Upgrading Theory，Economic Development Phases Theory，Industrial Cluster Theory，Regional Production Composition Theory，Ecological Footprint Theory，Environment Kuznets Curve Theory，Decoupling Theory and Sustainable Development Theory are the theoretical basis of county low-carbon economy development.

County resource and environment statues，original economic basis，social and cultural condition，scientific and technological process，legal system，political system and carbon finance system postpone or advance county low-carbon economy development. Problems such as industry development dilemma，ecological environment dilemma，mechanism dilemma and carbon sink construction dilemma still exist.

Analysis of composition of county carbon emission，estimation of county carbon balance between income and expenditure using proper methods，forecasting of carbon emission and development situation would lay favorable basis of county low-carbon development mechanism construction，development model confirmation and development pattern selection.

On this basis，it is necessary to complete legal framework of low-carbon and reducing emission constraint，to complete low-carbon economy policy of optimizing and adjusting industrial structure，optimizing industrial spatial layout，innovating industrial technologies and optimizing industrial organization and to construct legal guiding mechanism to promote healthy development of county low-carbon economy. To further the sustainable development of county low-carbon economy，it is necessary to build up low-carbon economic，scientific and technological driving and supporting system of low-carbon economy knowledge research system，low-carbon economy technology innovation system，low-carbon economy knowledge and technology transmission system，low-carbon economy intermediary service system，low-carbon economy technology fund support system. To form coupling and driving mechanism of optimizing county low-carbon economy spatial structure and to optimize county industrial layout，county urban and rural spatial layout，county infrastructure and county ecological spatial structure，the basis should be regional labor division，the aim should be full usage of county comparative advantage. Eventually，in the combined force of economic development promoting mechanism，carbon finance support mechanism，ecological and environmental constraints system，social and cultural guiding and especially coupling innovation driving mechanism，the county low-carbon economy would develop healthily.

County low-carbon economy development conditions of different areas have extreme variation because of vast and extraordinary country spanning. There are low-carbon industry development model，clean producing model，industry changing and upgrading model，industry structure adjustment model，energy structure optimizing model and spatial structure optimizing model aiming at reducing carbon emission. Meanwhile，there are forest carbon sink model and farmland sink model aiming at increasing carbon sink. Furthermore，there are comprehensive model of low-carbon ecological county construction and carbon sink ecological village construction aiming at reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon sink.

Different low-carbon economy development paths exist due to county low-carbon economy development condition and model differences. Paths include low-carbon industry development path，low-carbon industrial structure path，energy structure optimizing path，spatial structure optimizing path，energy clean producing path，low-carbon ecological county construction path，carbon sink ecological village construction path，carbon forest construction path and carbon agricultural development path，etc.

In the process of county low-carbon economy development，one or more driving forces are used in different periods，which need coupling. In different driving mechanisms and different development conditions，county low-carbon development models focus on one or more main models and different models have connections. Different conditions and models of low-carbon economy development bring about different county low-carbon economy healthy development paths（or break points）. Based on different county conditions in China，the research abstracts Runan County low-carbon industry development model，Laoling City industry structure low-carbon adjustment model，Zhenping County spatial structure optimizing experience，Shangshui County urban and rural spatial structure optimizing attempt，Xuwen County low-carbon ecological development model construction，Zhongmu County low-carbon leisure agriculture development exploration，Hualong County low-carbon ecological county construction model，Yuanjiang County carbon sink ecological village construction model，etc.

Key words： Urban County Low-carbon Economy Dynamic Mechanism Developing Pattern Developing Path